Despite the dramatic decline in the number of reported cases of tuberculosis (TB) in New York City, many New Yorkers remain at high risk for developing active tuberculosis disease, once infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Groups at especially high risk include contacts of persons with active tuberculosis, HIV-infected persons, individuals with certain predisposing medical conditions, and [...]

TB is an ancient disease that is common in many developing countries but no longer widespread in the United States. With the advent of managed care and movement of care of patients with TB from specialty public health clinics to primary care providers, more persons with TB are likely to be seen by physicians and [...]

The treatment of active tuberculosis (TB) patients with effective anti-TB chemotherapy is the highest priority in TB control. Successful treatment benefits both the patient and the public at large, as infectious cases are cured and sources of infection are removed from the community. California state health and safety laws (Health and Safety Code Sections 121365-121369) [...]

This level has policy and administrative functions. A public health worker with expertise in tuberculosis control and administrative skills should be appointed as National Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) manager with the following responsibilities:
defining the national strategy, including diagnosis and treatment policies, preparation and updating of the tuberculosis control guidelines;
planning, implementing and evaluating the NTP activities, including [...]

A critical need exists for efficient, measurable systems of disease management that reconcile conflicts between socioeconomic responsibility and patient welfare. Clinical guidelines have become an important component of these systems because they address elements of care that are effective and that reduce the variability in our approach to patient management.
The American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists [...]

Osteoporosis is the consequence of continued bone loss throughout adulthood, low achieved peak bone mass, or both. We recommend maintaining peak bone mass for all patients. To achieve and maintain maximum bone density, patients should have risks for osteoporosis reviewed when they present to their provider offices. In addition to reviewing historical risk factors (discussed [...]

The etiology of mesothelioma cases is relatively simple. Apart from the various forms of asbestos and high doses of in situ emissions, other causes are unknown (this greatly simplifies confounding controls in etiological studies). In the industrial society, for less than one quarter of persons contracting pleural or peritoneal mesothelioma, it is quite difficult to [...]

Because of the lack of sufficient high-quality evidence on the surgical management of mesothelioma, the Lung Cancer Disease Site Group opinion is that:
• The role of surgery in the management of malignant pleural mesothelioma cannot be precisely defined. Specifically, the lack of randomised controlled clinical trials makes it impossible to determine whether the use of [...]

Mesotheliomas are neoplasms of the serosal membranes. As 80% of mesotheliomas originate in the pleural space, pleural mesothelioma is the most common primary tumour of the pleural cavity (1). Each year, approximately 100 Canadians will be diagnosed with malignant mesothelioma (2), with an estimated median survival of between four and 12 months if the disease [...]

Examples of activities to implement in Health Care, Work sites, Communities, and Schools include:
Promoting health care environments that improve quality of care by increasing adherence to guidelines for the primary and secondary prevention of heart attack, e.g. physician reminder system. Potential Partners: primary care associations, federally-qualified health centers, managed are organizations, Medicare Quality Improvement Organization.
Partnering [...]

Detection The earlier breast cancer is found, the better the chances for successful treatment. A mammogram is the best detection method because it can often identify breast abnormalities that may be cancerous before physical symptoms develop; however, some cancers that are not apparent on a mammogram may still be felt by a woman or her [...]

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways, associated with increased airway responsiveness, and usually widespread but variable airway obstruction that is often reversible, either spontaneously or with treatment.
The diagnosis of asthma requires clinical judgment since signs and symptoms may vary widely from inmate to inmate as well as within each inmate over time. [...]